himanshu goel

10. Attention To Details- Event Logistics Most logistics theories concern the supply of products to customers. In the events industry, logistics include the efficient supply of customers to the festival product, and the supply of facilities and products to and from the event site. "In this sense, it has more in common with military logistics than modern business logistics". (McDonnell, I. et al. (1999), 210) A careful attention to details is essential, because if part of the logistical requirements are overseen, it could have fatal consequences to the outcome of the festival. The ‘supply’ of festival visitors and sponsors is described closer in the above chapters. if you like my post then pls click on advertisment and add as you in my follower list . Its beneficial for you and me both.

Event Marketing Definition "Whereas marketing outside the voluntary sector generally involves clarifying customer needs and then satisfying them with appropriate products or services, arts marketing more usually involves finding the right audience for the product and bringing audience and product together. It is a matching process rather than one in which the public is simply given what it wants." (Fishel, D. (1994), 7-8) From the author’s point of view, this statement contradicts in itself, but unfortunately it is advocated by some representatives of the arts industry. Of course, there are major differences between marketing physical products and arts experience, some of which are described further in this chapter. However, the marketing process should still involve segmentation of the markets and targeting the potential groups on the basis of comprehensive market research, which serves as a source for a clear definition of their needs and motivation. Many examples in the

Multi-level marketing (MLM), (also called network marketing, direct selling, referral marketing, and pyramid selling) is a term that describes a marketing structure used by some companies as part of their overall marketing strategy. The structure is designed to create a marketing and sales force by compensating promoters of company products not only for sales they personally generate, but also for the sales of other promoters they introduce to the company, creating a down line of distributors and a hierarchy of multiple levels of compensation in the form of a pyramid. The products and company are usually marketed directly to consumers and potential business partners by means of relationship referrals and word of mouth marketing. if you like my post then pls click on advertisment and add as you in my follower list . Its beneficial for you and me both.

Survey Meaning A research technique in which information is gather from a sample of people by use of a questionnaire or interview, a method of data collection based on communication with a representative sample of individuals. Hello, readers of my blog if u like it my post then please click on advertisment or add in followers list. its beneficial for you and me both.

Introduction The adage “if you do not know where you are going, any road will take you there” suggests some good advice to managers and researchers. It is extremely important to define the business problem carefully because the definition determines the purpose of the research and ultimately, the research design. Problem definition It indicates a specific managerial decision area to be clarified or problem to be solved. It specifies research questions to be answered and the objectives of the research. Defining a research problem involves several interrelated steps. As shown: - Hello readers, if you like my post then pls click on advertisment and add as you in my follower list . Its beneficial for you and me both.

Meaning of research Research is common parlance refers to a search for knowledge. One can also define research as a scientific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic. In fact, research is an art of scientific investigation. The advance learner’s dictionary of current English lays down the meaning of research as “a careful investigation or inquiry specially through search for new facts in any branch of knowledge”. Redman and mory define the research as a “systematized effort to gain new knowledge”. Some people consider research as a movement, a movement from the known to the unknown. Research is an academic activity and as such the term should be used in technical sense. According to cifford woody research comprises defining and redefining the problem, formulating hypothesis or suggested solutions, collecting, organizing, evaluating the data, making deductions and reaching conclusions and at last carefully testing the conclusions to determine wheth

Exploratory research Introduction Exploratory research provides qualitative data usually, Exploratory research provides greater understanding of a concept or crystallizes a problem rather than providing precise measurement. The focus of such qualitative research is not on numbers but on words on observations: - stories, visual portrayals, meaningful characterizations, interpretations and other expressive descriptions. Exploratory research may be single research investigation or a series of informal studies intend to provide background information. Meaning An initial research conducted to clarify and define the nature of a problem. if you like my post then pls click on advertisment and add as you in my follower list . Its beneficial for you and me both.

Research design Meaning of research design A research design is the arrangement of the conditions for collections and analysis of data in a manner that aims to combine relevance to the research purpose with economy in procedure. Research design is the conceptual structure with in which research is conducted; It constitutes the blue print for the collection, measurement and analysis of data. As such the design includes an outline of what the researcher will do from writing the hypothesis is and its operational implications to the final analysis of data. The designing decisions happen to be in respect of; o What is the study about? o Why is the studying being made? o Where will the study be carried out? o What type of data is required? o Where can the required data be found? o What periods of time will the study include? o What will be the sample design? o What techniques of data collection will be used? o How will the data be analysed? o In what style will the report be

Meaning An enduring disposition to consistently respond in a given manner to various aspects of the world; o Composed of affective o Cognitive o Behavioural Cognitive The component of attitude that represents one’s awareness and knowledge about an object. Affective The component of attitude that reflect one’s general feelings or emotions toward an object. Behavioural component The component of attitude that includes buying intentions and behavioural expectations; reflects a predisposition to action. if you like my post then pls click on advertisment and add as you in my follower list . Its beneficial for you and me both.

The planning process 1. Analysis organizational plan 2. Forecast demand for human resource 3. Forecasting supply of human resources 4. Estimating manpower gap 5. Action planning control and evaluation if you like my post then pls click on advertisment and add as you in my follower list . Its beneficial for you and me both.

Performance appraisal Introduction Appraisal of performance is widely used in society. Parents evaluate their children, teachers evaluate their students and employers evaluate their employees. Meaning Performance appraisal is the process of assessing the performance and progress of an employee or of a group of employees on a given job and his potential for future development. According to flippo “Performance appraisal is the systematic, periodic and impartial rating of an employee’s excellence in matters pertaining to his present job and his potential for a better job.” if you like my post then pls click on advertisment and add as you in my follower list . Its beneficial for you and me both.

Induction and socialization Introduction Induction also called orientation, and it is design to provide a new employee with information which he or she needs to function’s comfortably and effectively in the organization. When a new employee joins an organization, he is completely a stranger to the people, work place and the work environment. Therefore, he is likely to feel insecure, shy and nervous. In the absence of information and support there is likely to be anxiety and fear in his mind. He may undergo reality shock caused by a gap between his expectations and the real situation. Meaning Induction or orientation can help overcome these problems. Once an employee is selected and placed on an appropriate job, the process of familiarizing him with the job and organization begins. This process is called induction. if you like my post then pls click on advertisment and add as you in my follower list . Its beneficial for you and me both.

Employee welfare “Employee welfare or labour welfare means the efforts to make life worth living for workmen.” “Labour welfare means anything done for the comfort and improvement, intellectual or social, of the employees over and above the wages paid which is not necessity of the industry”.                                                                                                      ARTHUR JAMES TODD. “Workers welfare may be understood as including such services facilities and amenities which may be established in, or in the vicinity of undertakings to perform their work in healthy and congenial surroundings and to avail of facilities which improve their health and bring high morale.” if you like my post then pls click on advertisment and add as you in my follower list . Its beneficial for you and me both.

Employee empowerment Empowering refers to passing an authority and responsibility. Empowerment occurs when power goes to employee who then experience a since of ownership and control over their jobs. Empowered employees becomes “self-directed” and “self-control”. this is possible only when there is mutual trust between the superior and his subordinates. The superior has full faith that his subordinates will not do anything which is harmful to the organization. Similarly the subordinates has confidence in his superior that he will support his decisions and actions. Definitions “empowerment is simply gaining the power to your voice heart, to contribute to plans and decisions that affect you, to use your expertise at work to improve your performance and with it the performance of your whole organization”. if you like my post then pls click on advertisment and add as you in my follower list . Its beneficial for you and me both.

Corporate objective and human resource planning Corporate objective does not mean that they only satisfy the organizational objectives as we know human resources, and organization will produce the products with the help of human resource. In order to satisfy the needs of the customers with the satisfaction of customer’s fund will be generated by which organizational objectives will be achieved. So, we can say that for fulfilling their own objectives the company will also consider the main parties who are helpful in achieving the objectives. Thus organization have these objectives which are as follows: -  Organizational  Human resource  Social objective Organizational o Establishing strategy o Profit earning o International strategic o Organizational development Human resource o Working condition o Fair wages o Empowerment o Industrial relation Social objectives o Satisfy consumers o Offer right product o Increase employment o Environment management if you

What is marketing? Marketing means profitable consumer relationships. The twofold goal of marketing is to attract new customers by promising superior value and to keep and grow the current customers by delivering satisfaction. Wal mart has become the world largest retailer, and one of the world largest companies, by delivering on its promise, “always low price. Always” Sound marketing is critical to the success of every organization. Large for-profit firms such as procter & gamble, Toyota, target, apple and marriott use marketing. But so do not- for-profit organizations such as colleges, hospitals, museums, symphony orchestras, and even churches. You know a lot about marketing- it’s all around you. You see the results of the marketing in the abundance of the products in your nearby shopping mall. You see marketing in the advertisements that fill your TV screen, spice up your magazines, stuff your mailbox, or enliven your web pages. At home, at school, where you work, and wher

Promotional mix There are seven main aspects of a promotional mix. These are: • Advertising - Any paid presentation and promotion of ideas, goods, or services by an identified sponsor. Examples: Print ads, radio, television, billboard, direct mail, brochures and catalogs, signs, in-store displays, posters, motion pictures, Web pages, banner ads, and emails. • Personal Selling - A process of helping and persuading one or more prospects to purchase a good or service or to act on any idea through the use of an oral presentation. Examples: Sales presentations, sales meetings, sales training and incentive programs for intermediary salespeople, samples, and telemarketing. Can be face-to-face or via telephone. • Sales promotion - Media and non-media marketing communication are employed for a pre-determined, limited time to increase consumer demand, stimulate market demand or improve product availability. Examples: Coupons, sweepstakes, contests, product samples, rebates, tie-ins, self-li

Product life cycle Contents  Introduction  Meaning of product life cycle  Factors found in the concept of product life cycle  Definitions of product life cycle  Stages of product life cycle  Strategies for the differing stages of the product life cycle  Problems with product life cycle  Factors affecting product life cycle  Utility/ importance of product life cycle  Conclusion if you like my post then pls click on advertisment and add as you in my follower list . Its beneficial for you and me both.

Introduction Improving and updating product line is crucial for the success for any organization. Failure for an organization to change could result in a decline in sales and with competitors racing a head. The process of product development is crucial with in organization products go through the stages of their life cycle and will eventually have to be replaced. Process of new product development In business and engineering, new product development is the term used to describe the complete process of bringing new product or service to market. There are two parallel paths in the new product process;  One involves the idea generation, product design and detail engineering.  The other involves marketing research and marketing analysis. Companies typically see new product development as the first stage in generating and commercializing new products within the overall strategic process of product life cycle. Management used to maintain or grow their market share.

Multi-level marketing (MLM), (also called network marketing, direct selling, referral marketing, and pyramid selling) is a term that describes a marketing structure used by some companies as part of their overall marketing strategy. The structure is designed to create a marketing and sales force by compensating promoters of company products not only for sales they personally generate, but also for the sales of other promoters they introduce to the company, creating a down line of distributors and a hierarchy of multiple levels of compensation in the form of a pyramid. The products and company are usually marketed directly to consumers and potential business partners by means of relationship referrals and word of mouth marketing. if you like my post then pls click on advertisment and add as you in my follower list . Its beneficial for you and me both.

Event Marketing Definition "Whereas marketing outside the voluntary sector generally involves clarifying customer needs and then satisfying them with appropriate products or services, arts marketing more usually involves finding the right audience for the product and bringing audience and product together. It is a matching process rather than one in which the public is simply given what it wants." (Fishel, D. (1994), 7-8) From the author’s point of view, this statement contradicts in itself, but unfortunately it is advocated by some representatives of the arts industry. Of course, there are major differences between marketing physical products and arts experience, some of which are described further in this chapter. However, the marketing process should still involve segmentation of the markets and targeting the potential groups on the basis of comprehensive market research, which serves as a source for a clear definition of their needs and motivation. Many examples in the

 Event Logistics Most logistics theories concern the supply of products to customers. In the events industry, logistics include the efficient supply of customers to the festival product, and the supply of facilities and products to and from the event site. "In this sense, it has more in common with military logistics than modern business logistics". (McDonnell, I. et al. (1999), 210) A careful attention to details is essential, because if part of the logistical requirements are overseen, it could have fatal consequences to the outcome of the festival. The ‘supply’ of festival visitors and sponsors is described closer in the above chapters. if you like my post then pls click on advertisment and add as you in my follower list . Its beneficial for you and me both.

Customer Care 11.1 Definition Customer care is probably the most important factor contributing to the success of music festivals, concluded by the author after comparing opinions of tourism professionals and interviewing festival organisers regarding their definition of success. Often were the statements of the latter linked with seeing the audience enjoying the event, having no injuries or incidents and getting visitors back for the next festival, all of which are results of effective customer care. Roger Tomlinso, consultant in management, marketing and training, states "Good customer care involves the simple concept of thinking about things from the customer’s point of view…What are they seeing? What are they hearing? What are they reading and, perhaps, most importantly, what are they feeling? (What are they missing? ed. by the author)…The most appropriate response is usually to treat the customer as you would like to be treated yourself… The best type of customer care means

Brand equity can be defined in many different ways. I have developed a simple, yet powerful, definition of brand equity. For a brand to be strong it must accomplish two things over time: retain current customers and attract new ones. To the extent a brand does these things well, it grows stronger versus competition, and delivers more profits to its owners. Breaking down the definition of "brand equity" into its two components, we can more easily determine a reliable way to measure brand equity, and to track changes in brand equity over time. The components of brand equity, retention and attraction of customers, stem from people's experiences with and perceptions of a brand. if you like my post then pls click on advertisment and add as you in my follower list . Its beneficial for you and me both.

Tele script agent language Tele script is generally oriented toward creating a common language for wireless. To reduce the time needed for interactivity between client and server, telescript bundles into an intelligent program that travels to a distance computer retriever’s answer’s to all the queries and then return with the answers. Thus results in two trips across the network a big saving in time, bandwidth and money. himanshu143goel@gmail.com In telescript agent is a program the user creates and send across a network a big saving in time, bandwidth and money. In telescript agent is a programme the user creates and send across a network. An agent carries out transactions on a telescript aware himanshu143goel@gmail.com network in places. Places are the locations on the network. An electronic shopping center or a directory of services that correspond to telescript engine. Agent can travel from local places to remote place. if you like my post then pls click on advertisment and a

Software agent refers to programs that act on behalf of people. These intelligent programs know something about user tastes, budget and schedule and take care of personal jobs centered on managing information, typical tasks include locating and retrieving information, filtering electronic mails, scheduling appointments etc. individuals are capable himanshu143goel@gmail.com of handling these routine tasks and have been doing so far years, but intelligent agent technology held the promise of easing the burdens on users by automating such tasks. Software agent can be static, they reside on PC, provide expert advice or services locally. It can be mobile executing on remote computers and then returning results to computers. The technical and operational characteristics of mobile and static software agents are quite different. if you like my post then pls click on advertisment and add as you in my follower list . Its beneficial for you and me both.

Multimedia Concept of multimedia himanshu143goel@gmail.com Multimedia has been a part of our lives for a long time without knowing about it. Since last few years, it seems to be much sought after and talked about, not really in the field of information technology. Also in many fields like television, motion pictures and advertisements. Fashion design and education has been involved in multimedia production for a long time. Every time you watch a television commercial or the music videos on satellite television on news casts, you are experiencing multimedia. The only thing now is that multimedia has become practical, himanshu143goel@gmail.com affordable and interactive. More and more research work on this technology of sound, animation and text, is making it better and better with every passing day. if you like my post then pls click on advertisment and add as you in my follower list . Its beneficial for you and me both.

Mobile and wireless computing Introduction The term mobile computing conveys different meaning to different person. The essential element of mobile computing environment is that the user need not maintain a fixed position in network, it allows himanshu143goel@gmail.com access to personal or business information for people who travel away form their primary workplace. The term wireless and mobile are not synonymous. Wireless is a transmission or information transport method that enables mobile computing. if you like my post then pls click on advertisment and add as you in my follower list . Its beneficial for you and me both.

Introduction Electronic commerce needs a network infrastructure to transport the content- data, audio, visual, text, animation and so on. This network infrastructure is provided by what is known as the I-way or information super highway. himanshu143goel@gmail.com Meaning The information super highway may be defined as a high capacity, electronic pipeline to a consumer or business premise that is capable of simultaneously supporting a large himanshu143goel@gmail.com number of e-commerce applications and providing interactive connectivity between users and services. The I-way has emerged as the basic network infrastructure for all types of e-commerce activities due to its capability to provide integrate voice, data and video services. if you like my post then pls click on advertisment and add as you in my follower list . Its beneficial for you and me both.

Digital library According to wiederhold “ A digital library is popularly viewed as an electronic version of a library where storage is in digital form, allowing direct communication to obtain material and copying it from a master version”. Winensky “digital library will be a collection of distributed information services, procedures will make it available and consumers will find it through automated agents”. Simple definition Digital library is a collection of digital objects (text, video, audio) along with method for access and retrieval and also for selection, organization and maintenance. Himanshu143goel@gmail.com if you like my post then pls click on advertisment and add as you in my follower list . Its beneficial for you and me both.

Consumer search and resource discovery “Finding what you want online is not easy but take heart” Two fundamental goals of e-commerce have been to Availability of useful information (through improved publishing tools) Accessibility of useful information (through search and retrieval tools) The goal of search tools is to utilize the information processing power of computer to improve decision making without increasing time and the effort expended in making choices. Himanshu143goel@gmail.com For individual decision making For organizational decision making Information search challenges Information search can be very complex and unfortunately remains one of least understood. In E-markets finding information is the on-line world can be tricky for several reasons 1. Rapid turnover of information (constantly changing E-market environment) 2. Information overload (user must be able to find small products that form best alternatives) if you like my post then pls click on adverti

Applets, browsers and software agents Today, client application such as web browser’s allow user’s to manipulate information spread across the internet as a whole. Web browser’s integrate the function of fetching the remote information figuring out what format it is and displaying it. Himanshu143goel@gmail.com The browser’s contain detailed hard wired knowledge about the many different data types, protocol, and behaviour necessary to navigate the web. Applets are external application (think of them as a software agent) that expand the capabilities of a core browser, to invoke specialized application that range from interactive shopping application educational material and games. if you like my post then pls click on advertisment and add as you in my follower list . Its beneficial for you and me both.

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KURUKSHETRA UNIVERSITY KURUKSHETRA Date-Sheet for the M.B.A. II & IV Semester (For Department of Management & Affiliated Institutions) Examination commencing from 29.5.2010. (THEORY EXAMINATION) Time of Examination: 9.00 A. M. to 12.00 Noon (MORNING SESSION) ___________________________________________________________________________ Date and Day Subject and Paper _________________________________________________________________________ MAY,2010 II SEMESTER 31st, Monday CP-201: Management Science _________________________________________________________________________ JUNE,2010 2nd, Wednesday CP-202: Marketing Management _________________________________________________________________________ 4th, Friday CP-203: Human Resource Management _________________________________________________________________________ 7th, Monday CP-204: Financial Management _________________________________________________________________________ 9th, Wednesday CP-205: Business Res

Most important questions of operation research related to MBA IInd semester 1. Explain how operation research methods have been valuable in aiding executive decisions. 2. What are the advantages or disadvantages of simulation over the use of analytical models? Give various application of simulation in the field of business management? if you like my post then pls click on advertisment and add as you in my follower list . Its beneficial for you and me both.

Research design Meaning of research design A research design is the arrangement of the conditions for collections and analysis of data in a manner that aims to combine relevance to the research purpose with economy in procedure. Research design is the conceptual structure with in which research is conducted; It constitutes the blue print for the collection, measurement and analysis of data. As such the design includes an outline of what the researcher will do from writing the hypothesis is and its operational implications to the final analysis of data. The designing decisions happen to be in respect of; o What is the study about? o Why is the studying being made? o Where will the study be carried out? o What type of data is required? o Where can the required data be found? o What periods of time will the study include? o What will be the sample design? o What techniques of data collection will be used? o How will the data be analysed? o In what style will the report be

Attitude Meaning An enduring disposition to consistently respond in a given manner to various aspects of the world; o Composed of affective o Cognitive o Behavioural Cognitive The component of attitude that represents one’s awareness and knowledge about an object. Affective The component of attitude that reflect one’s general feelings or emotions toward an object. Behavioural component The component of attitude that includes buying intentions and behavioural expectations; reflects a predisposition to action. Measuring scale 1. Nominal scale A scale in which the numbers or letters assigned to objects serve as label for identification or classification. It is a measurement scale of the simplest type. 2. Ordinal scale A scale that arrange objects or alternatives according to their magnitudes. 3. Interval scale A scale that not only arranges objects or alternatives according to their magnitudes but also distinguish this ordered arrangement in unit of equal intervals.

Survey Meaning A research technique in which information is gather from a sample of people by use of a questionnaire or interview, a method of data collection based on communication with a representative sample of individuals. Objectives of survey To identify characteristics of a particular group. To measure attitude. To describe behavioural pattern. To quantify certain factual information. To provide casual explanation or to explore data. Advantages of survey. Survey provides quick accessing information about the population. Survey provide inexpensive, accurate and efficient means of information. if you like my post then pls click on advertisment and add as you in my follower list . Its beneficial for you and me both.

Exploratory research Introduction Exploratory research provides qualitative data usually, Exploratory research provides greater understanding of a concept or crystallizes a problem rather than providing precise measurement. The focus of such qualitative research is not on numbers but on words on observations: - stories, visual portrayals, meaningful characterizations, interpretations and other expressive descriptions. Exploratory research may be single research investigation or a series of informal studies intend to provide background information. Meaning An initial research conducted to clarify and define the nature of a problem. Why conduct exploratory research There are three interrelated purposes of exploratory research. 1. Diagnosing a situation 2. Screening alternatives 3. Discovering new ideas. if you like my post then pls click on advertisment and add as you in my follower list . Its beneficial for you and me both.

Introduction The adage “if you do not know where you are going, any road will take you there” suggests some good advice to managers and researchers. It is extremely important to define the business problem carefully because the definition determines the purpose of the research and ultimately, the research design. Problem definition It indicates a specific managerial decision area to be clarified or problem to be solved. It specifies research questions to be answered and the objectives of the research. Defining a research problem involves several interrelated steps. As shown: - The process of problem definition if you like my post then pls click on advertisment and add as you in my follower list . Its beneficial for you and me both.

Meaning of research Research is common parlance refers to a search for knowledge. One can also define research as a scientific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic. In fact, research is an art of scientific investigation. The advance learner’s dictionary of current English lays down the meaning of research as “a careful investigation or inquiry specially through search for new facts in any branch of knowledge”. Redman and mory define the research as a “systematized effort to gain new knowledge”. Some people consider research as a movement, a movement from the known to the unknown. Research is an academic activity and as such the term should be used in technical sense. According to cifford woody research comprises defining and redefining the problem, formulating hypothesis or suggested solutions, collecting, organizing, evaluating the data, making deductions and reaching conclusions and at last carefully testing the conclusions to determine wheth

EIGHT STEPS TO PLAN SUCCESSFUL E-COMMERCE Let the Customer Plan e-Commerce Good plans are simple plans. They are also measurable, their implementation is accountable, he resources to deliver the plan are available and there is a time-frame for the plan to be delivered. Done. Not quite. Whatever planning process an organisation uses, expect that the company will not control the direction in which online services evolve. The customer will decide what works and what doesn’t. Respond Fast If the plan is to respond to customer wishes, then the most successful plan will be the one that responds fastest.This means that every component of the plan should be built with the intention of proving a principle. Ask yourself if your customers want this? If they do, then a more robust version can be built. If they don’t, then you can redirect your time and resources and use the knowledge gained to good effect elsewhere. if you like my post then pls click on advertisment and add as you in

CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS FOR INTERNET MARKETING EXECUTIVES Marketers have always been in the business of anticipating and managing change, and technology has been their principle tool for managing it. The Internet presents an adaptive challenge for the marketing executive. Today’s Internet marketing exec-utive must have all the traditional skills of the offline marketing professional, but must place extra emphasis on some of them to account for the new economy. These critical new skills include customer advocacy and insight, integration, balanced thinking, and a willingness to accept risk and ambiguity. if you like my post then pls click on advertisment and add as you in my follower list . Its beneficial for you and me both.

E-BUSINESS ISSUES & INTERNET MARKETING Introduction At its core, the mission of marketing is to attract and retain customers. To accomplish this goal, a traditional bricks-and mortar marketer uses a variety of marketing variables-including pricing, advertising, and channel choice-to satisfy cur-rent and new customers. In this context, the standard marketing-mix toolkit includes such mass-marketing levers as television advertising, direct mail, and public relations, as well as customer-specific marketing techniques such as the use of sales reps. With the emergence of the Internet and its associated technology-enabled, screen-ta-face interfaces (e.g., mobile phones, interactive television), a new era of marketing has emerged. Well-respected academics and practitioners have called for new rules and urged debate about fundamental tenets of marketing, including segmentation, mass marketing, and regionalized programs.) At the ‘other extreme, pundits and academics alike have argued

Introduction With the intention of attracting advertising dollars, magazines and newspapers have also set up sites on the Web. Many online periodicals include traditional advertisements as well as icons, which display an advertiser’s logo and, when clicked with a mouse, send a user across the Web to the advertiser’s Web site. Among periodicals that have gone from print to online advertising with some degree of advertising success are: Knight Ridder’s. San Jose Mercury News newspaper, which reportedly charges $100 per day for an advertisement, and magazines such as Hot Wired, Playboy, and People, which reportedly charge $30,000-$45,000 per quarter for an advertiser to place an icon in the periodical. Promotions are also common. In many cases, advertisers ask site visitors to provide their names and addresses in exchange for a product discount. if you like my post then pls click on advertisment and add as you in my follower list . Its beneficial for you and me both.

ELECTRONIC COMMERCE AND ONLINE PUBLISHING Electronic Commerce and Online Publishing The Web may have blossomed because of peer-to-peer publishing, but judg-ing from recent product offerings, there is an enormous groundswell of in-terest among both commercial and corporate publishers in the Web. For instance, it was reported that, in less than three months, the Wall Street Journal Interactive Edition attracted 500,000 registered readers on the Web, and that number is growing by some 3,000 readers per day. Also, the elec-tronic edition has attracted more than thirty advertisers paying to reach this audince. Initially, growth in the online publishing marketplace was driven by the potential of new interactive technologies and applications. The promise of new interactive publishing captured the imagination of both content providers and the public. However, from 1993 to 1995 much of online publishing was inhibited by a lack of business purpose. At that time, the con-tent creation s

ELECTRONIC COMMERCE AND RETAILING Electronic Commerce and Retailing Retailing is expected to change with the rapid develop-ment of new online sales and distribution channels that literally can be used from anywhere, anytime-from work, school, a hotel, car, or airplane. These developments should impact retailing as much as the advent of strip malls, catalog retailing, and TV-based home shopping. Almost every retailer is reevaluating every aspect of its operation from customer service to advertising, merchandising to store design, and logis-tics to order fulfillment. Furthermore, reacting to the pressure of retailers, suppliers are assessing technology- based solutions to drive down costs (la-bor, delivery, and production) and become more efficient producers of goods. if you like my post then pls click on advertisment and add as you in my follower list . Its beneficial for you and me both.

MANAGEMENT ISSUES IN ONLINE BANKING The challenge facing the banking industry is whether management has the creativity and vision to harness the technology and provide customers with new financial products necessary to satisfy their continually changing fi-nancial needs. Banks must deliver high quality products at the customers’ convenience with high-tech, high-touch personal and affordable service. In order to achieve this, management has to balance the five key values that increasingly drive customers’ banking decisions: simplicity, customized ser-vice, convenience, quality, and price. if you like my post then pls click on advertisment and add as you in my follower list . Its beneficial for you and me both.

BANKING VIA ONLINE SERVICES Banking via Online Services Although personal finance software allows people to manage their money, it only represents half of the information management equation. No matter which software package is used to manage accounts, information gets man-aged twice-once by the consumer and once by the bank. If the consumer uses personal finance software, then both the consumer and the bank are re-sponsible for maintaining systems; unfortunately, these systems do not communicate with one another, thus giving new meaning to double-entry bookkeeping. For example, a consumer enters data once into his system and transfers this information to paper in the form of a check, only to have the bank then transfer it from paper back into electronic form. if you like my post then pls click on advertisment and add as you in my follower list . Its beneficial for you and me both.

HOME BANKING HISTORY Home Banking History The recent hyperbole around home banking is not simply the latest Wall Street fad. Financial institutions were interested in turning the home bank-ing concept into a reality as early as 1970. Many banks invested millions of dollars in research and development, certain that home banking was going to take off. In October 1981, The American Banker had a set of articles promoting the virtues of home banking. In answer to the question: “Will home banking be a major force in the market by 1985?,” an executive vice presi-dent of First Interstate Bank replied, “Absolutely! And I want to be there.” if you like my post then pls click on advertisment and add as you in my follower list . Its beneficial for you and me both.

ELECTRONIC COMMERCE AND BANKING Electronic Commerce and Banking “Banking is vital to a healthy economy. Banks are not” [AS95]. This quote succinctly captures the structural and operational tumult occurring in the fi-nancial services industry. Banking as a business can be subdivided into five broad types: retail, domestic wholesale, international wholesale, invest-ment, and trust. Of all these types, retail and investment banking are most affected by online technological innovations and are the ones that stand to profit most from electronic commerce. The role of electronic commerce in banking is multifaceted-impacted by changes in technology, rapid deregulation of many parts of finance, the emergence of new banking institutions, and basic economic restructuring. Given these environmental changes, banks are reassessing their cost and profit structures. Many banks feel that in order to be profitable they need to reduce operating expenses and maintain strict cost control. This philo

COMMERCIAL ASPECTS OF E-COMMERCE Introduction Electronic commerce over the Internet is a new way of conducting business. Through only three years old, it has the potential to radically alter economic activities and the social environment. Already, it affects such large sectors as communications, finance and retail trade ( altogether , about 30 per cent of GDP). It holds promise in areas such as education, health and government ( about 20 per cent of GDP). The largest effects may be associated not with many of the impacts that command the most attention ( e.g. customized products, the elimination of middlemen ) but with less visible, but potentially more pervasive, effects on routine business activities ( e.g. ordering office supplies, paying bills, and estimating demand), that is, on the way businesses interact. A combination of regulatory reform and technological innovation enabled e-commerce to evolve as it has. Although the precursor on a internet appeared in the late 1960s,