himanshu goel

Process planning and selection Process selection Process selection decisions determine the type of productive to be used and the appropriate span of that process. It affect cost, quality, delivery, and flexibility. For, example the manager of a fast food restaurant may be required to decide whether to produce food strictly to customer order or to inventory. The managers must also decide whether to organize the process flow as a high-volume line flow or a low-volume batch-production process. Process selection decisions: - Processes can be classified and selected according to product flow and the type of customer order. The customer order is generally of two types- make-to-stock, make-to-order. 1. Make-to-stock: - It aims to produce in advance and helps to have ready stock when demands occur. This is applicable for a product which has no specific customer at the time of manufacturing. For example: tooth paste, soap etc. 2. Make-to-order: - It aims to manufacture products only...

Product planning and selection Introduction Product development refers to the process of creating new products or modifying the existing ones. The needs and requirements of consumers keep on changing over the period of time. Therefore, to meet these needs successfully, new products need to be introduced in the market. The objective to achieve customer satisfaction or improve the feasibility in production, calls for modification in the existing products. Product design and analysis Product design is the first step immediately after accepting the concept of a product. It has direct bearing on plant layout and in process material flow. It is concerned with critical analysis of different design features with relevance to place of use, substitute materials and careful planning equipment alternative for manufacturing the products. It is a repetitive task and it is strategic in nature. Product design has significant impact on profitability competitiveness. Needs for product design and...

Line balancing Introduction Line balancing is possible in case of mass production. There are two types of system make-to-order and make-to-system. Make-to-order In a Make-to-order system due dates are important. A sequencing of customer orders at various machine centers is essential. Thus high planning and control are also required. Example job shop production. Make-to-stock Make-to-stock products are generally high volume consumer goods such as telephones, automobiles, wrist watches etc. the manufacture of standardized, high volume items, which involve flow shops, require control for effective production. Example mass production. Mass production It is concept which believes in breaking up of a task into its simplest, possible elements. These elements are then grouped as per production norms. In other words, mass production refers to a large quantity of production with standardized products having less variety. Features of mass production system 1. It includes manufact...

Facilities layout (plant layout) Introduction The term plant layout is used in broad sense to include factory layout and machine layout. A plant layout refers to the arrangement of machinery, equipments and other industrial facilities – such as receiving and shipping departments, tool rooms, maintenance rooms, employee amenities etc. for the purpose of achieving the quickest and smoothest production of the lest cost. Meaning Plant layout may be defined as physical arrangements of industrial facilities. This arrangement includes the space needed for material movements, storage, indirect labour and all other supporting activities or services as well as operating equipment and personnel. Plant layout basically: o Placing the right equipment. o Coupled with the right method. o In the right place. o To permit the processing of a product unit in the most effective manner, through the shortest possible distance, and in the shortest possible time. Definition According to K.G.LOCK...

Production system Introduction The production system of a company mainly uses facilities, equipments, and operating methods (called production system) to purchase goods that satisfy customers demand. The above requirements of a production system depend on the type of product that the company offers and the strategy that it employs to serve its consumers. Production system The production system is the framework with in which production activities of an organization are carried out. At one end of the production system are the inputs and at the other end outputs. Input and output are linked by certain operations or process or activities imparting value to the inputs. The processes, operations or activities may be called production system. The nature of production system may differ from company to company or from plant to plant in the same firm. Basic production system  Continuous production system ( production to stock or make to stock).  Intermittent production system ( pro...

Production and operation management Introduction An organization consist of various functions such as marketing, production, finance, personal etc. the production subsystem which is concerned with the management of physical resources for the production of an item or provision of a service. Production management Production is value added function and conversion of raw material or conversion of input into output. Production management is a set of interrelated management activities which are involved in the manufacturing of certain products. Therefore in general the concept of manufacturing products is called production management. Examples manufacturing standard products like car, bus, radio, television, etc. This concept of manufacturing product is called production management. Operation management It is a set of interrelated management activities which are involved in extending services is called operation management. Example medical facilities, developing standard computer so...