INTRODUCTION TO E-COMMERCE
Internet has become an important medium for doing global business based on the state of the art technology. Electronic commerce has two major aspects:
Economical and technological
The stress of this course will show you how to get started in the complex and exciting world of Electronic Commerce. New standards and new facilities are constantly emerging and their proper understanding is essential for the success of an operation, and especially for those who are assigned duty to select, establish, and maintain the necessary infrastructure.
What is e-Commerce?
E-commerce is an emerging concept that describes the process of buying and selling or exchanging of products, services, and information via computer networks including the internet.
Definition of E-Commerce from Different Perspective
1. Communications Perspective
EC is the delivery of information, products/services, or payments over the telephone lines, computer networks or any other electronic means.
2. Business Process Perspective
EC is the application of technology toward the automation of business transactions and work flow.
3. Service Perspective
EC is a tool that addresses the desire of firms, consumers, and management to cut service costs while improving. The quality of goods and increasing the speed of service delivery.
4. Online Perspective
EC provides the capability of buying and selling products and information on the internet and other online services.
Benefit of e-Commerce
a) Access new markets and extend service offerings to customers
b) Broaden current geographical parameters to operate globally
c) Reduce the cost of marketing and promotion
d) Improve customer service
e) Strengthen relationships with customers and suppliers
f) Streamline business processes and administrative functions
Scope of E-Commerce
1. Marketing, sales and sales promotion
2. Pre-sales, subcontracts, supply
3. Financing and insurance
4. Commercial transactions: ordering, delivery, payment
5. Product service and maintenance
6. Co-operative product development
7. Distributed co-operative working
8. Use of public and private services
9. Business-to-administrations (e.g. customs, etc)
10. Transport and logistics
11. Public procurement
12. Automatic trading of digital goods
13. Accounting
14. Dispute resolution
History of E-commerce
The history of e commerce is a history of how Information Technology has transformed business processes. Some authors will track back the history of e commerce to the invention of the telephone at the end of last century. EDI (Electronic Data Interchange) is widely viewed as the beginning of ecommerce if we consider ecommerce as the networking of business communities and digitalization of business information.
Large organizations have been investing in development of EDI since sixties. It has not gained reasonable acceptance until eighties. EDI has never reached the level of popularity of the web-based ecommerce for several reasons:
1. High cost of EDI prohibited small businesses and medium-sized companies from participating in the electronic commerce.
2. Slow development of standards hindered the growth of EDI; and
3. The complexity of developing EDI applications limited its adaptation to a narrow user base.
The Internet and the Web
The Internet was conceived in 1969, when the Advanced Research Projects Agency (a Department of Defense organization) funded research of computer networking. The
Internet could end up like EDI without the emergence of the World Wide Web in 1990s. The Web became a popular mainstream medium (perceived as the fourth mainstream medium in addition to print, radio and TV) in a speed which had never been seen before. The Web users and content were almost doubled every a couple of months in 1995 and 1996. The web and telecommunication technology had fueled the stock bubble in the roaring 90s and eventually pushed NASDAQ over 5,000 in 2000 before it crashed down to 1,200 in 2002.
XML and Web Services Besides the availability of technical infrastructures, the popularity of the Web is largely attributed to the low cost of access and simplicity of HTML authoring, which are the obstacles of EDI development. The Internet and the Web have overcome the technical difficulty of EDI, but it has not solved the problem of slow development of e commerce standards.
XML, as a meta markup language, provides a development tool for defining format of data interchange in a wide variety of business communities. Web Services offers a flexible and effective architecture for the implementation. There is no doubt that XML and the Web Services will shape the course of e commerce in years to come.
Concepts of Electronic Commerce
Electronic commerce is narrowly defined as buying and selling products/services over the Internet. The concept has been broadened to include all business activities of a sales cycle. The distinction between E-commerce and E-business has become blurred. Ecommerce and Electronic Commerce has been used interchangeably, Electronic Business, however, has not been a widely accepted terminology.
David Kosiur described the Components of Electronic Commerce in three dimensions (Processes, Institutions and Networks) in his 1997 book Understanding Electronic Commerce. We expand Institutions as E-commerce Players, Networks as Technologies and add Markets as the fourth dimension of E-commerce.
There are several basic steps you will need to accomplish before becoming Commerce Enabled.
Getting a Merchant Bank Account
Web Hosting
Web Design Considerations
Registering a Domain Name
Obtaining a Digital Certificate
Let us review each step in more detail below:
1. Getting a Merchant Bank Account
In order to be able to accept credit cards, you must apply for an account with a credit card merchant account provider. This can be relatively easy or somewhat difficult, depending on which country you live in, and the type of business you are running. In the past, many businesses would sign up for credit card processing through their own commercial banking institutions.
However, the internet has now made it simple to shop around for the best credit card discount rates from an endless amount of merchant account providers worldwide. A simple web search on “credit card processor” should be enough to get you started. Depending on how you process credit cards (especially if you plan on using Scenario 1 from the introduction), you may need to find a merchant account provider that specializes in internet payment transactions.
When choosing a merchant account provider, the following should also be noted:
1. You must ensure that your merchant account provider has credit card processors that connect with IC Verify™, PC Charge™, or AuthorizeNet™ (i.e. Intellicharge Interface) software.
2. Your merchant account provider must allow you to handle non-swiped credit card transactions. This refers to transactions where the customer is not present and only the credit card number and expiration date are being used for approving the charges.
3. When choosing a merchant account provider, you should do a little research on the company’s reputation, years in business, and company size.
4. Avoid merchant account providers that ask for a nonrefundable fee before you get approved.
5. Avoid merchant account providers that require 1 or 2 year contract terms. Since there are so many merchant account providers available, it doesn’t make sense to lock your company into a commitment for any period of time.
6. Expect merchant account providers to have some form of a sign up fee after being approved only. These fees can come in the form of an application fee, processing fee, software fee, etc. Typically expect to pay around $100 to $500 for getting an account setup to accept credit cards and sometimes electronic checks.
7. You should be able to find a merchant account provider that can offer you discount credit cards rates ranging from 1.75% to 2.75% and no more than .25 cent per transaction. If not, contact Intellisoft regarding our merchant account provider affiliates and the free Intellicharge Interface just for signing up with them.
8. You will need a dedicated phone line or data line for processing credit cards and electronic checks. Note: If your computer or local area network is already connected to the internet, a separate data line will not be necessary if you use the Intellicharge Interface for electronic payment.
2. Web Hosting
Web hosting is a very important step in this process, as this is how you gain a presence on the internet in the first place. There are actually two scenarios that can be used for web hosting.
The following should be noted when searching for an Internet Service Provider:
1. Always try to find an ISP that can provide a local telephone number for you to connect to the internet.
2. Choose an ISP that is known for having few interruptions of service.
3. Choose an ISP that is known for good technical support and has knowledgeable people familiar with ecommerce sites.
4. Choose an ISP that consistently has fast connection speeds.
5. As with any company you do business with, make sure the ISP is reputable.
The following should be noted when dealing with shopping cart applications:
1.Online transaction providers will either sell or rent you the use of an online shopping cart application for your business. Be forewarned that purchasing an online shopping cart application is very expensive. Most businesses will rent these online web store programs rather than committing to such a steep investment.
2. Rental pricing for the use of shopping cart programs vary depending on number of transactions generated a month, number of products listed on the shopping cart application, and the sophistication of the shopping cart application itself.
3. There are a lot of online transaction providers out there, and they all have varying packages. Deciding on a provider’s package that fits your needs is perhaps the most important aspect.
In the case of ManageMore, the eCommerce Manager module was designed to work with specific shopping cart applications for proper retrieval and processing of web orders. If you plan on using ManageMore’s eCommerce Manager module for the back end office, it will be a requirement for your online transaction provider to use one of the following shopping cart applications:
• SoftCart 4.x by Mercantec
• SoftCart 5.x by Mercantec
For a list of known online transaction providers that offer the shopping cart applications mentioned above, please contact Intellisoft.
3. Web Design Considerations
With little knowledge of HTML and a lot of patience, you can probably create your own corporate web site with the help of products like Microsoft FrontPage™ or DreamWeaver™.
However, when adding a web store to your web site, you may want to seek the help of professional web designers to make the look and feel of your web store consistent with the rest of your corporate web site. Most shopping cart applications, like SoftCart by Mercantec, allow its templates to be modified just for this purpose. In many cases, the same ISP or CSP you choose can provide web design and consultation.
4. Registering a Domain Name
The basics for registering a domain name are:
1.Contact a domain name registrar on the internet to register for a domain name. There are many to choose from, just do a web search on “domain name registrar” to get you started.
2.Select a unique domain name you would like others to use for finding your web site.
One place to go for checking availability of a domain name is www.whois.net3. Expect a registration fee of $10 - $100 annually for the central registrar to keep your domain name active on the internet. There are many other questions that arise when considering a domain name for your business that go outside the scope of this tutorial
5. Obtaining a Digital Certificate
A digital certificate, also known as a SSL Server Certificate, enables SSL (Secure Socket Layer encryption) on the web server. SSL protects communications so you can take credit card orders securely and ensure that hackers cannot eavesdrop on you. Any ecommerce company that provides you with an online web store will require you to have SSL before you can use their services. Thankfully, for most people obtaining a digital certificate is not a problem. For a minimal fee, one can usually use the certificate owned by the web hosting company where your page resides. If you are a larger company, however, you may want to get your own digital certificate. A certificate costs about $125.00 and can be obtained from Thawte or Verisign.
Conclusion
Commerce can be a very rewarding venture, but it should not be undertaken lightly. There is a lot of information to absorb.
Internet has become an important medium for doing global business based on the state of the art technology. Electronic commerce has two major aspects:
Economical and technological
The stress of this course will show you how to get started in the complex and exciting world of Electronic Commerce. New standards and new facilities are constantly emerging and their proper understanding is essential for the success of an operation, and especially for those who are assigned duty to select, establish, and maintain the necessary infrastructure.
What is e-Commerce?
E-commerce is an emerging concept that describes the process of buying and selling or exchanging of products, services, and information via computer networks including the internet.
Definition of E-Commerce from Different Perspective
1. Communications Perspective
EC is the delivery of information, products/services, or payments over the telephone lines, computer networks or any other electronic means.
2. Business Process Perspective
EC is the application of technology toward the automation of business transactions and work flow.
3. Service Perspective
EC is a tool that addresses the desire of firms, consumers, and management to cut service costs while improving. The quality of goods and increasing the speed of service delivery.
4. Online Perspective
EC provides the capability of buying and selling products and information on the internet and other online services.
Benefit of e-Commerce
a) Access new markets and extend service offerings to customers
b) Broaden current geographical parameters to operate globally
c) Reduce the cost of marketing and promotion
d) Improve customer service
e) Strengthen relationships with customers and suppliers
f) Streamline business processes and administrative functions
Scope of E-Commerce
1. Marketing, sales and sales promotion
2. Pre-sales, subcontracts, supply
3. Financing and insurance
4. Commercial transactions: ordering, delivery, payment
5. Product service and maintenance
6. Co-operative product development
7. Distributed co-operative working
8. Use of public and private services
9. Business-to-administrations (e.g. customs, etc)
10. Transport and logistics
11. Public procurement
12. Automatic trading of digital goods
13. Accounting
14. Dispute resolution
History of E-commerce
The history of e commerce is a history of how Information Technology has transformed business processes. Some authors will track back the history of e commerce to the invention of the telephone at the end of last century. EDI (Electronic Data Interchange) is widely viewed as the beginning of ecommerce if we consider ecommerce as the networking of business communities and digitalization of business information.
Large organizations have been investing in development of EDI since sixties. It has not gained reasonable acceptance until eighties. EDI has never reached the level of popularity of the web-based ecommerce for several reasons:
1. High cost of EDI prohibited small businesses and medium-sized companies from participating in the electronic commerce.
2. Slow development of standards hindered the growth of EDI; and
3. The complexity of developing EDI applications limited its adaptation to a narrow user base.
The Internet and the Web
The Internet was conceived in 1969, when the Advanced Research Projects Agency (a Department of Defense organization) funded research of computer networking. The
Internet could end up like EDI without the emergence of the World Wide Web in 1990s. The Web became a popular mainstream medium (perceived as the fourth mainstream medium in addition to print, radio and TV) in a speed which had never been seen before. The Web users and content were almost doubled every a couple of months in 1995 and 1996. The web and telecommunication technology had fueled the stock bubble in the roaring 90s and eventually pushed NASDAQ over 5,000 in 2000 before it crashed down to 1,200 in 2002.
XML and Web Services Besides the availability of technical infrastructures, the popularity of the Web is largely attributed to the low cost of access and simplicity of HTML authoring, which are the obstacles of EDI development. The Internet and the Web have overcome the technical difficulty of EDI, but it has not solved the problem of slow development of e commerce standards.
XML, as a meta markup language, provides a development tool for defining format of data interchange in a wide variety of business communities. Web Services offers a flexible and effective architecture for the implementation. There is no doubt that XML and the Web Services will shape the course of e commerce in years to come.
Concepts of Electronic Commerce
Electronic commerce is narrowly defined as buying and selling products/services over the Internet. The concept has been broadened to include all business activities of a sales cycle. The distinction between E-commerce and E-business has become blurred. Ecommerce and Electronic Commerce has been used interchangeably, Electronic Business, however, has not been a widely accepted terminology.
David Kosiur described the Components of Electronic Commerce in three dimensions (Processes, Institutions and Networks) in his 1997 book Understanding Electronic Commerce. We expand Institutions as E-commerce Players, Networks as Technologies and add Markets as the fourth dimension of E-commerce.
There are several basic steps you will need to accomplish before becoming Commerce Enabled.
Getting a Merchant Bank Account
Web Hosting
Web Design Considerations
Registering a Domain Name
Obtaining a Digital Certificate
Let us review each step in more detail below:
1. Getting a Merchant Bank Account
In order to be able to accept credit cards, you must apply for an account with a credit card merchant account provider. This can be relatively easy or somewhat difficult, depending on which country you live in, and the type of business you are running. In the past, many businesses would sign up for credit card processing through their own commercial banking institutions.
However, the internet has now made it simple to shop around for the best credit card discount rates from an endless amount of merchant account providers worldwide. A simple web search on “credit card processor” should be enough to get you started. Depending on how you process credit cards (especially if you plan on using Scenario 1 from the introduction), you may need to find a merchant account provider that specializes in internet payment transactions.
When choosing a merchant account provider, the following should also be noted:
1. You must ensure that your merchant account provider has credit card processors that connect with IC Verify™, PC Charge™, or AuthorizeNet™ (i.e. Intellicharge Interface) software.
2. Your merchant account provider must allow you to handle non-swiped credit card transactions. This refers to transactions where the customer is not present and only the credit card number and expiration date are being used for approving the charges.
3. When choosing a merchant account provider, you should do a little research on the company’s reputation, years in business, and company size.
4. Avoid merchant account providers that ask for a nonrefundable fee before you get approved.
5. Avoid merchant account providers that require 1 or 2 year contract terms. Since there are so many merchant account providers available, it doesn’t make sense to lock your company into a commitment for any period of time.
6. Expect merchant account providers to have some form of a sign up fee after being approved only. These fees can come in the form of an application fee, processing fee, software fee, etc. Typically expect to pay around $100 to $500 for getting an account setup to accept credit cards and sometimes electronic checks.
7. You should be able to find a merchant account provider that can offer you discount credit cards rates ranging from 1.75% to 2.75% and no more than .25 cent per transaction. If not, contact Intellisoft regarding our merchant account provider affiliates and the free Intellicharge Interface just for signing up with them.
8. You will need a dedicated phone line or data line for processing credit cards and electronic checks. Note: If your computer or local area network is already connected to the internet, a separate data line will not be necessary if you use the Intellicharge Interface for electronic payment.
2. Web Hosting
Web hosting is a very important step in this process, as this is how you gain a presence on the internet in the first place. There are actually two scenarios that can be used for web hosting.
The following should be noted when searching for an Internet Service Provider:
1. Always try to find an ISP that can provide a local telephone number for you to connect to the internet.
2. Choose an ISP that is known for having few interruptions of service.
3. Choose an ISP that is known for good technical support and has knowledgeable people familiar with ecommerce sites.
4. Choose an ISP that consistently has fast connection speeds.
5. As with any company you do business with, make sure the ISP is reputable.
The following should be noted when dealing with shopping cart applications:
1.Online transaction providers will either sell or rent you the use of an online shopping cart application for your business. Be forewarned that purchasing an online shopping cart application is very expensive. Most businesses will rent these online web store programs rather than committing to such a steep investment.
2. Rental pricing for the use of shopping cart programs vary depending on number of transactions generated a month, number of products listed on the shopping cart application, and the sophistication of the shopping cart application itself.
3. There are a lot of online transaction providers out there, and they all have varying packages. Deciding on a provider’s package that fits your needs is perhaps the most important aspect.
In the case of ManageMore, the eCommerce Manager module was designed to work with specific shopping cart applications for proper retrieval and processing of web orders. If you plan on using ManageMore’s eCommerce Manager module for the back end office, it will be a requirement for your online transaction provider to use one of the following shopping cart applications:
• SoftCart 4.x by Mercantec
• SoftCart 5.x by Mercantec
For a list of known online transaction providers that offer the shopping cart applications mentioned above, please contact Intellisoft.
3. Web Design Considerations
With little knowledge of HTML and a lot of patience, you can probably create your own corporate web site with the help of products like Microsoft FrontPage™ or DreamWeaver™.
However, when adding a web store to your web site, you may want to seek the help of professional web designers to make the look and feel of your web store consistent with the rest of your corporate web site. Most shopping cart applications, like SoftCart by Mercantec, allow its templates to be modified just for this purpose. In many cases, the same ISP or CSP you choose can provide web design and consultation.
4. Registering a Domain Name
The basics for registering a domain name are:
1.Contact a domain name registrar on the internet to register for a domain name. There are many to choose from, just do a web search on “domain name registrar” to get you started.
2.Select a unique domain name you would like others to use for finding your web site.
One place to go for checking availability of a domain name is www.whois.net3. Expect a registration fee of $10 - $100 annually for the central registrar to keep your domain name active on the internet. There are many other questions that arise when considering a domain name for your business that go outside the scope of this tutorial
5. Obtaining a Digital Certificate
A digital certificate, also known as a SSL Server Certificate, enables SSL (Secure Socket Layer encryption) on the web server. SSL protects communications so you can take credit card orders securely and ensure that hackers cannot eavesdrop on you. Any ecommerce company that provides you with an online web store will require you to have SSL before you can use their services. Thankfully, for most people obtaining a digital certificate is not a problem. For a minimal fee, one can usually use the certificate owned by the web hosting company where your page resides. If you are a larger company, however, you may want to get your own digital certificate. A certificate costs about $125.00 and can be obtained from Thawte or Verisign.
Conclusion
Commerce can be a very rewarding venture, but it should not be undertaken lightly. There is a lot of information to absorb.
Quite impressive blog on E-Commerce. This blog is really helpful for those who are studying this as a subject in their respective course. Your blog are acting as reference. keep it up :)
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