himanshu goel

Risk in business environment Risk is state that the possible outcomes or future events is larger but the actual outcomes is very low is called risk. The probability of damage or loss is known as risk. The risk can be divided in different parts. These are given below: - Country risk It is state that the performance of economy or the behaviour of government and institution which helps to determine the business environment. A collection of risk associated with investing in foreign

Business environment key indicator These indicators are most valuable variable to reflect the business environment. These indicators help to understand the dynamic of business environment. These makor indicators are as follows: - 1. Gross domestic product 2. Sectoral distribution 3. Agriculture production 4. Electricity 5. Economic infrastructure 6. Money supply 7. Rate of inflation 8. Foreign trade 9. Foreign exchange reserve 10. Exchange rate Gross domestic product GDP helps to measure the economic output of a country. Generally GDP defined as market value of goods and services are produced by a nation. One way to calculate the GDP adding all expenditure of nation. GDP= consumption +investment +government purchase +net export Consumption means include all durable and non-durable goods and services produced by a country. Investment includes all investment in fixed assets and increase in inventory. Government purchase includes all welfare funds etc. Net exp

Content Introduction The Concept And Logic Of Competition Competition Versus Contestability Ragulation Of Competition Tests Of A Goods Competition Policy Policy Effectiveness And The Concept Pf Regulatory Capture Factor Contributing To Competitive Environment In India Public Sector Disinvestment And Privatisation Opening Up Of New Sector To Private Enterprise Delicensing De-Reservation Of Ssi Items Conclusion INTRODUCTION An important hallmark of the process of economic reforms initiated in the country in 1991 is that it has made the economy more competitive as compared to the pre-reform period. Though the degree of competitiveness in the business environment in India is much less and compared to a number of industrial market economies in Europe and North America and a number of emergent market-economies in east-Asia and elsewhere, there have been clear sign to movement. THE CONCEPT AND LOGIC OF COMPETITION There is enormous literature on the rationale and benef

fund flow statement CONTENTS  INTRODUCTION MEANING DEFINITION OBJECTIVE SIGNIFICANCE  LIMITATIONS CONCLUSION INTRODUCTION The basic financial statement i.e., the balance sheet and profit & loss account or income statement of business, reveal the net effect of the various transaction on the operational and financial position of the company. These statements do not show as to how have the funds been earned and used during the accounting period. Another statement has to be prepared to show the change in the assets and liabilities from the end of one period of the time to the end of another period of time. MEANING Funds flow statement is a modern technique of analyzing financial statement. Fund flow statement shows as to where have the funds come from and where have they been used during the accounting period. It helps in analyzing the movement of funds of a firm between the two balance sheet date. Fund flow statement is prepared by enlisting the source and

demand estimation CONTENTS: Serial No Topic Page no 1. Introduction of demand estimation 3 2. Meaning of demand estimation 3 3. Definition of demand estimation 3 4. Scope of demand estimation 4 5. Determinant of demand estimation 7 6. Method of demand estimation 8 7. Criteria of demand estimation 10 Introduction Demand estimation or forecasting occupies a crucial place in a business activity. This view may be optimistic or pessimistic based on hunches. Estimation can be both physical as well as financial in nature and is used mostly for planning. Meaning Demand estimation/forecasting are predicting future demand for the product. In other words, it refers to the prediction of probable demand for a product or a service based on the past events. Definition According to evan j. donglas, “demand estimation may be defined as the process of finding values for demand in future time periods.” Scope 1. Period of forecasting As a first step, one has to decide

Interim Exim Policy 2009 - 10 Highlights TRADE FACILITATION MEASURES (SUPPLEMENT TO FOREIGN TRADE POLICY 2004-09) ANNOUNCED ON 26TH FEBRUARY, 2009 MINISTRY OF COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA TRADE FACILITATION MEASURES. FTP BENEFITS WITHOUT BRC 1. Duty credit scrip’s under Chapter 3 and under DEPB scheme shall now be issued without waiting for realization of export proceeds. The exporters shall be required to submit proof of export proceeds realization within the time limits prescribed by Reserve Bank of India. The issuance of these benefits without BRC would be subject to a Bank Guarantee/LUT in terms of Circular to be issued. This provision shall be applicable for applications made on or after 1.4.2009. ADDITIONAL BENEFITS UNDER PROMOTIONAL SCHEMES 2. Rupees 325 Crores would be provided under Promotional Schemes for Leather, Textile etc. for exports made with effect from 1.4.09. 3. Benefit of 5% under FPS has been

Important question of computer M B A ist year Explain the elements of computer system. Explain the block diagram of computer system. Business application of computer Explain the computer language Convex the number system What is dos? Directory structure and command system in dos? Introduction to spreadsheet system Application of spreadsheet Explain range and formula in ms-excel Function of spreadsheet What is file? Type of file, file organization Master and transaction file What is networking? Type of networking and network topology Analog and digital signal? Difference between analog and digital signal What is band width What is data base management system?

PRESENTATION OF REPORTS • INTRODUCTION- Business managers have to write business reports of one kind or other &they can apply principles of good writing to create a document. • MEANING-That communicates the meaning & be readers friendly. As always knowing whom the report is more critical &what they want to know. • DEFINITION-According to “LESIKAR”&“PETTIT”-‘A business report is an orderly, objective communication of factual information that serves some business purpose. • TYPES OF BUSINESS REPORTS - A report is basic ‘management tool in decision making’. Hence it is important for business important for business executives. Large scale organizations are engaged in multifarious Activities, which are handed by different departments. • IMPORTANT FEATURES - The following are important Features of business reports. 1. ORDERLY-It is carefully planned & presented message. 2. OBJECTIVE-It has to be impartial, based on facts, analyzed. 3. COMMUNICATION-It is one

Presentation methods Determination of presentation method: - With your speech in organization you are ready to begin preparation for presenting it. At this time you will need to decide on your method of presenting. Choose one of this following:- (a) Extemporaneous presentation:- Extemporaneous presentation is by for the most popular and effective method. Using this method you first thoroughly prepare your speech then you pre-pore notes and present the speech form them. Usually you rehearse making sure that all parts are clarity in mind. (b) Memorizing: - Memorizing presentation is the most difficult method. There is few speaker’s actually memorize an entire speech. Instead they memorize key parts and use notes to help them through the presentation. (c) Reading: - A third method of presentation is by reading. It is also a difficult method because most of us do not read a loud well. We read in dull monotone the producing a most uninteresting effect. We fumble over words, lose

Public speaking Public speaking mean’s speaker communicate with the large group of people. Public speaking is possible only through the oral presentation. In public speaking speaker, share his or her views to the large group of people. Public speaking is most important part of communication, because it conveys the same message as the same time as a large group of people. It is a formal way of presentation with a specific audience. In business, you will spend more time talking than writing. Probably the written communication will give you more problems. However, the oral communication will take up more of your time. In fact, you are likely to spend-more time in oral communication than in-any other work activity. The oral communication that goes in business is informal. Primarily, it is face-to-face communication. This is form of communication. In which we all have experience. But some of it formal oral communication take place in business. Some times business people must make fo

Business letters Definition of business letter The essential thing about the personal letter is that the language used needs to be flowing and homely. But the business letters calls for language that is precise and a tone that is more formal and dignified than that of personal letter. Effective letters are the result of good thinking and careful planning. Business letters are one of the best means to convey accurate as well as detail message. Functions of business letters 1. Record and reference 2. Evidence of contract 3. Public relation 4. Business in remote Record and reference: - business letters function as a permanent record of dealing with customer’s , supplier’s and govt agencies. Therefore they can serve as a ready reference. If certain queries arise relating to them. If the communication is oral or telephonic so we have not any kind of record. Evidence of contract: - business letter act as a valid document and evidence of the contracts between the two parties.

Importance and nature of business communication Majority of people spends more time in communication than doing anything else. Most of the time in a day is one to one speaking, writing and listening when not talking or listening you may be communicate in other ways like understanding, lettering, gesturing etc or taking information by seeing, feeling or smelling. All of these are forms of communication Communication has enabled us to organize to work in groups, as such communication is vital to our success and well being in civilization. The communication can be defined as the process through which two or more person come to exchange ideas and understanding among them. The definition involve two aspects in communication First there is something which is transmitted, such as facts, feelings, ideas etc. further indicates there must be a receiver if communication is to be occur. The sender must consider the receiver while framing and delivering it, falling there is either no resp

Introduction A tool used by individuals to conduct a quantitative analysis of information in a company's financial statements. Ratios are calculated from current year numbers and are then compared to previous years, other companies, the industry, or even the economy to judge the performance of the company. Ratio analysis is predominately used by proponents of fundamental analysis Definition “a ratio is simply one number expressed in terms of another. It is found by dividing one number into the other” - R.N.Anthony Sources of these ratios: 1. Balance sheet 2. Income statement 3. Statement of cash flow 4. Statement of retained earning 5. Financial statements Uses of ratio analysis Helpful in analysis of financial statement: - It is helpful to analysis the balance sheet and profit and loss account Simplification of accounting data: - With the help of ratio analysis we easily understand the accounting data Helpful

MOTIVATION It means to inspire someone, encourage someone, to persuade someone. It is defined as driving force or internal force with in an individual that propels/implies. Some one to take action/to do work Motivation based on Latin word MOVERE, motive (need) has been defined as A motive is an inner state that energises, activates, or moves and that directs behaviour towards goal. Motive is energizer of action Motivating is the channelisation and activation of motives Motivation is the work behaviour itself. Motivation depends on motives and motivating, it become a complex process Nature of motivation Based on motives Motivation based on individual motives, which are internal to the individual. These motives are in form of feelings Affected by motivating Motivation effected by way the individual is motivated. The act of motivating changeless needs satisfaction. It can also activate the latent needs in the individual Goal oriented behaviour Motivation leads to