Survey
Meaning
A research technique in which information is gather from a sample of people by use of a questionnaire or interview, a method of data collection based on communication with a representative sample of individuals.
Objectives of survey
To identify characteristics of a particular group.
To measure attitude.
To describe behavioural pattern.
To quantify certain factual information.
To provide casual explanation or to explore data.
Advantages of survey.
Survey provides quick accessing information about the population.
Survey provide inexpensive, accurate and efficient means of information.
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Total error
The total error can be divided into two types. These are given below:
Random error
Difference between the result of a sample and the result of the census (whole population) conducted using identical procedure.
Systematic error
Error resulting from imperfect aspect of the research design that causes response error or from a mistakes in the execution of the research.
Systematic error can be divided into two parts.
1. Respondent error
2. Administrative error
1. Respondent error: - surveys are based on asking for answers. If respondents cooperate and give truthful answers, a survey will likely accomplish its goal. Two problems that arise if these conditions are not meet are non-response error and response bias.
(a) Non-response error: - the statistical difference between a survey that includes only those who responded and a perfect survey that would also include those who failed to respond.
(b) Response bias: - A response bias occur when respondents tend to answer in a certain direction. Examples of response bias are acquiescence bias, extremity bias, interviewer bias, auspices bias, and social desirability bias.
Response bias can be classified in different parts. These are given below;
o Deliberate falsification
o Unconscious misrepresentation
Deliberate falsification
Occasionally some people deliberately give false answers. It is difficult to assess why people knowingly misrepresent answers. a response bias may occur when people misrepresent answers in order to appear intelligent, to conceal personal information, to avoid embarrassment, and so on.
Unconscious misrepresentation
Even when a respondent is consciously trying to be truthful and cooperative, response bias can arise from question format, question content, or some other stimulus.
There are five specific categories of response bias;
Acquiescence bias
Extremity bias
Interviewer bias
Auspices bias
Social desirability bias
Acquiescence bias
A category of response bias in which individuals have a tendency to agree with all questions or to indicate a positive connation to a new idea.
Extremity bias
A category of response bias that results because some individuals tend to use extremes when responding to questions.
Interviewer bias
Bias in the responses of subjects due to the influence of the interviewer.
Auspices bias
Bias in the responses of subjects caused by their being influenced by the organization conducting the study.
Social desirability bias
Bias in the responses of subjects caused by their desire, either conscious or unconscious, to gain prestige or to appear in a different social role.
Administrative error
An error caused by the improper administration or execution of a research task. These can be classified in different ways;
Data processing error
A category of administrative error that occurs because of incorrect entry, incorrect computer programming or other error during data analysis.
Sample selection error
An administrative error caused by improper selection of a sample.
Interviewer error
An administrative error caused by failure of an interviewer to record responses correctly.
Interviewer cheating
The practice of filling take answers of falsifying questionnaires while working as an interviewer.
Meaning
A research technique in which information is gather from a sample of people by use of a questionnaire or interview, a method of data collection based on communication with a representative sample of individuals.
Objectives of survey
To identify characteristics of a particular group.
To measure attitude.
To describe behavioural pattern.
To quantify certain factual information.
To provide casual explanation or to explore data.
Advantages of survey.
Survey provides quick accessing information about the population.
Survey provide inexpensive, accurate and efficient means of information.
if you like my post then pls click on advertisment and add as you in my follower list.
Its beneficial for you and me both.
Total error
The total error can be divided into two types. These are given below:
Random error
Difference between the result of a sample and the result of the census (whole population) conducted using identical procedure.
Systematic error
Error resulting from imperfect aspect of the research design that causes response error or from a mistakes in the execution of the research.
Systematic error can be divided into two parts.
1. Respondent error
2. Administrative error
1. Respondent error: - surveys are based on asking for answers. If respondents cooperate and give truthful answers, a survey will likely accomplish its goal. Two problems that arise if these conditions are not meet are non-response error and response bias.
(a) Non-response error: - the statistical difference between a survey that includes only those who responded and a perfect survey that would also include those who failed to respond.
(b) Response bias: - A response bias occur when respondents tend to answer in a certain direction. Examples of response bias are acquiescence bias, extremity bias, interviewer bias, auspices bias, and social desirability bias.
Response bias can be classified in different parts. These are given below;
o Deliberate falsification
o Unconscious misrepresentation
Deliberate falsification
Occasionally some people deliberately give false answers. It is difficult to assess why people knowingly misrepresent answers. a response bias may occur when people misrepresent answers in order to appear intelligent, to conceal personal information, to avoid embarrassment, and so on.
Unconscious misrepresentation
Even when a respondent is consciously trying to be truthful and cooperative, response bias can arise from question format, question content, or some other stimulus.
There are five specific categories of response bias;
Acquiescence bias
Extremity bias
Interviewer bias
Auspices bias
Social desirability bias
Acquiescence bias
A category of response bias in which individuals have a tendency to agree with all questions or to indicate a positive connation to a new idea.
Extremity bias
A category of response bias that results because some individuals tend to use extremes when responding to questions.
Interviewer bias
Bias in the responses of subjects due to the influence of the interviewer.
Auspices bias
Bias in the responses of subjects caused by their being influenced by the organization conducting the study.
Social desirability bias
Bias in the responses of subjects caused by their desire, either conscious or unconscious, to gain prestige or to appear in a different social role.
Administrative error
An error caused by the improper administration or execution of a research task. These can be classified in different ways;
Data processing error
A category of administrative error that occurs because of incorrect entry, incorrect computer programming or other error during data analysis.
Sample selection error
An administrative error caused by improper selection of a sample.
Interviewer error
An administrative error caused by failure of an interviewer to record responses correctly.
Interviewer cheating
The practice of filling take answers of falsifying questionnaires while working as an interviewer.
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